I-Frequency converter yitekhnoloji ekufuneka ifundwe kakuhle xa usenza umsebenzi wombane. Ukusebenzisa i-frequency converter ukulawula imoto yindlela eqhelekileyo kulawulo lombane; ezinye zifuna ubuchule ekusebenziseni kwazo.
1.Okokuqala, kutheni usebenzisa isiguquli rhoqo ukulawula imoto?
I-motor ngumthwalo we-inductive, othintela utshintsho lwangoku kwaye uya kuvelisa utshintsho olukhulu lwangoku xa uqala.
I-inverter sisixhobo sokulawula amandla ombane esisebenzisa umsebenzi ovaliweyo wezixhobo ze-semiconductor yamandla ukuguqula unikezelo lwamandla ombane kwishishini libe kwesinye isiza. Ikakhulu iqulunqwe ngeesekethe ezimbini, enye isiphaluka esiphambili (imodyuli yokulungisa, i-electrolytic capacitor kunye nemodyuli ye-inverter), kwaye enye isiphaluka solawulo (ukutshintsha ibhodi yokubonelela umbane, ibhodi yesiphaluka yokulawula).
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuqala kwangoku kwemoto, ngakumbi i-motor enamandla amakhulu, amandla amakhulu, amandla okuqalisa. Ukuqala ngokugqithisileyo ngoku kuya kuzisa umthwalo omkhulu kunikezelo lwamandla kunye nokusasazwa kwenethiwekhi. Isiguquli esijikelezayo sinokuyisombulula le ngxaki yokuqalisa kwaye sivumele i-motor ukuba iqale kakuhle ngaphandle kokubangela ukuqala ngokugqithisileyo.
Omnye umsebenzi wokusebenzisa i-converter frequency kukulungelelanisa isantya semoto. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kuyafuneka ukuba ulawule isantya semoto ukuze ufumane ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye nolawulo lwesantya soguqulo oluhlala luhlala luyeyona nto iphambili. Isiguquli esijikelezayo silawula isantya semoto ngokuguqula ukuphindaphinda konikezelo lwamandla.
2.Ziziphi iindlela zokulawula i-inverter?
Ezona ndlela zintlanu ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiimotor zokulawula inverter zezi zilandelayo:
A. Indlela yokulawula iSinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM).
Iimpawu zayo zibume obulula besiphaluka solawulo, ixabiso eliphantsi, ubulukhuni obuhle bomatshini, kwaye unokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokulawula isantya esilungileyo sothumelo jikelele. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zeshishini.
Nangona kunjalo, kwii-frequencies eziphantsi, ngenxa ye-voltage ephantsi yokuphuma, i-torque ichaphazeleka kakhulu kukuhla kwe-voltage ye-stator, enciphisa i-torque ephezulu yokuphuma.
Ukongeza, iimpawu zayo zomatshini azinamandla njengezo zeemoto ze-DC, kwaye umthamo wayo oguqukayo we-torque kunye nokusebenza kokulawulwa kwesantya esimileyo awanelisi. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwenkqubo ayiphezulu, ijika lolawulo liyatshintsha kunye nomthwalo, impendulo yetorque iyacotha, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwetorque yemoto aliphezulu, kwaye ukusebenza kuncipha ngesantya esiphantsi ngenxa yobukho bokumelana ne-stator kunye ne-inverter efile. isiphumo sommandla, kwaye uzinzo luwohloka. Ke ngoko, abantu bafunde ukulawulwa kwe-vector variable frequency frequency regulation.
B. I-Voltage Space Vector (SVPWM) Indlela yokulawula
Isekwe kwisiphumo esipheleleyo sesizukulwana senqanaba le-waveform yezigaba ezithathu, ngenjongo yokusondela kwisetyhula efanelekileyo ejikelezayo yamagnetic field trajectory ye-motor air gap, ivelisa inqanaba lesithathu lokumodareyitha waveform ngexesha, kwaye uyilawule ngendlela. yepolygon ebhaliweyo esondele kwisangqa.
Emva kokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo, kuye kwaphuculwa, oko kukuthi, ukwazisa imbuyekezo yamaxesha amaninzi ukuphelisa impazamo yokulawula isantya; ukuqikelela i-amplitude ye-flux ngempendulo yokuphelisa impembelelo yokumelana ne-stator ngesantya esiphantsi; ukuvala i-voltage yemveliso kunye ne-loop yangoku ukuphucula ukuchaneka okuguquguqukayo kunye nokuzinza. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi iikhonkco zolawulo lweesekethe, kwaye akukho luhlengahlengiso lwetorque olungeniswayo, ngoko ke ukusebenza kwenkqubo akuzange kuphuculwe ngokusisiseko.
C. Indlela yokulawula iVector (VC).
Undoqo kukwenza imoto ye-AC ilingane nemoto ye-DC, kwaye ilawule ngokuzimeleyo isantya kunye nentsimi yemagnethi. Ngokulawula i-rotor flux, i-stator yangoku ichithwa ukufumana i-torque kunye ne-magnetic field components, kwaye ukuguqulwa kokulungelelanisa kusetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ulawulo lwe-orthogonal okanye oludibeneyo. Ukwaziswa kwendlela yokulawula i-vector yinto ebalulekileyo ye-epoch-making. Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ekubeni i-rotor flux kunzima ukuyiqwalasela ngokuchanekileyo, iimpawu zenkqubo zichatshazelwa kakhulu yiparameters yemoto, kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-vector yokujikeleza esetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokulawula imoto ye-DC elinganayo inzima kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima kweyona nto. impembelelo yokulawula ukufezekisa umphumo wohlalutyo olufanelekileyo.
D. Indlela eNgqo yoLawulo lweTorque (DTC).
Ngo-1985, uNjingalwazi uDePenbrock weYunivesithi yaseRuhr eJamani waqala ukwenza isindululo esithe ngqo solawulo lwetorque yokuguqula itekhnoloji. Ubuchwephesha busombulule ubukhulu becala ukusilela kolu lawulo lwe-vector lukhankanywe ngasentla, kwaye luye lwaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza ngeembono zolawulo lwenoveli, ulwakhiwo olufutshane kunye olucacileyo lwenkqubo, kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo okuguquguqukayo kunye nokuzinzileyo.
Okwangoku, obu buchwephesha busetyenziswe ngempumelelo kumandla aphezulu wokuhambisa i-AC kwi-locomotives yombane. Ulawulo lwe-torque oluthe ngqo luhlalutya ngokuthe ngqo imodeli yezibalo yeenjini ze-AC kwinkqubo yolungelelwaniso lwe-stator kwaye ilawula ukuqukuqela kwamagnetic kunye netorque yemoto. Akuyomfuneko ukulinganisa iinjini ze-AC kwiinjini ze-DC, ngaloo ndlela kucinywa izibalo ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo kuguquko lokujikeleza kwe-vector; ayifuni kuxelisa ulawulo lweenjini ze-DC, kwaye ayifuni ukwenza lula imodeli yezibalo yeenjini ze-AC zokuqhawula.
E. Matrix AC-AC indlela yokulawula
I-VVVF frequency conversion, i-vector control frequency conversion, kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-torque echanekileyo yolawulo lwe-frequency yizo zonke iintlobo ze-AC-DC-AC zokuguqulwa kwamaza. Ukungalungi kwabo okuqhelekileyo kuphantsi kwegalelo lamandla ombane, i-harmonic yangoku enkulu, i-capacitor yokugcina amandla amakhulu efunekayo kwisekethe ye-DC, kunye namandla okuhlaziya angenako ukubuyisela kwigridi yamandla, oko kukuthi, ayikwazi ukusebenza kwii-quadrants ezine.
Ngesi sizathu, i-matrix AC-AC uguqulo lwamaxesha lwenzeka. Ekubeni i-matrix AC-AC ukuguqulwa kwamaxesha kuphelisa ikhonkco le-DC eliphakathi, kuphelisa i-electrolytic capacitor enkulu kunye nexabiso eliphezulu. Iyakwazi ukufezekisa i-power factor ye-1, i-sinusoidal input current kwaye inokusebenza kwii-quadrants ezine, kwaye inkqubo inomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla. Nangona obu buchwepheshe bungekavuthwa, zisatsala abaphengululi abaninzi ukuba benze uphando olunzulu. Undoqo wayo ayikokulawula ngokungathanga ngqo ngoku, i-magnetic flux kunye nezinye izixa, kodwa ukusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo i-torque njengobungakanani obulawulwayo ukuyifezekisa.
3.Iyilawula njani imotor? Zidityaniswa njani iintambo zombini?
I-wiring ye-inverter yokulawula i-motor ilula, ifana ne-wiring ye-contactor, kunye neentambo ezintathu zamandla eziphambili ezingenayo kwaye ziphuma kwi-motor, kodwa izicwangciso zinzima ngakumbi, kunye neendlela zokulawula i-inverter nazo. ezahlukeneyo.
Okokuqala, kwi-terminal ye-inverter, nangona kukho iimpawu ezininzi kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zocingo, ii-terminals ze-wiring ze-inverters ezininzi azifani kakhulu. Ngokubanzi yahlulahlulwe yangaphambili kwaye ibuyisela umva igalelo lokutshintsha, elisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kunye nokuqala umva kwemoto. Iitheminali zeempendulo zisetyenziselwa ukunika ingxelo ngemo yokusebenza yemoto,kuquka ukusebenza rhoqo, isantya, imeko yempazamo, njl.
Ukulawula ukusetwa kwesantya, abanye abaguquli be-frequency basebenzisa ii-potentiometers, ezinye zisebenzisa amaqhosha ngokuthe ngqo, zonke zilawulwa ngocingo olubonakalayo. Enye indlela kukusebenzisa inethiwekhi yonxibelelwano. Uninzi lwabaguquli befrikhwensi ngoku baxhasa ulawulo lonxibelelwano. Umgca wonxibelelwano ungasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuqala kunye nokuyeka, ukujikeleza phambili kunye nokubuyisela umva, ukulungiswa kwesantya, njl njl. Kwangaxeshanye, ulwazi lwengxelo lukwahanjiswa ngonxibelelwano.
4.Kwenzeka ntoni kwitorque ephumayo yemoto xa isantya sayo sokujikeleza (i-frequency) sitshintsha?
I-torque yokuqala kunye ne-torque ephezulu xa iqhutywe yi-converter frequency incinci kunokuba iqhutywe ngokuthe ngqo ngumbane.
I-motor ineempembelelo ezinkulu zokuqalisa kunye nokukhawulezisa xa inikwe amandla ombane, kodwa ezi mpembelelo zibuthathaka xa ziqhutywa sisiguquli samaza. Ukuqala ngokuthe ngqo ngobonelelo lombane kuya kuvelisa umsinga omkhulu wokuqalisa. Xa kusetyenziswa isiguquli sefrequency, i-voltage ephumayo kunye ne-frequency converter yongezwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-motor, ngoko ke i-motor eqala ngoku kunye nefuthe lincinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-torque eyenziwe yi-motor iyancipha njengoko i-frequency iyancipha (isantya siyancipha). Idatha yokwenyani yokunciphisa iya kuchazwa kwezinye iincwadana zokuguqula amaza.
Imoto eqhelekileyo iyilwe kwaye yenzelwe amandla ombane angama-50Hz, kwaye i-torque yayo elinganisiweyo ikwanikwa ngaphakathi kolu luhlu lombane. Ke ngoko, ukulawulwa kwesantya esisezantsi kwesantya esilinganiselweyo kubizwa ngokuba ngummiselo wesantya setorque rhoqo. (T=Te, P<=Pe)
Xa i-frequency ye-output ye-frequency converter inkulu kune-50Hz, i-torque eveliswa yi-motor iyancipha kubudlelwane bomgca ngokungafaniyo nobuninzi.
Xa i-motor ibaleka kwi-frequency engaphezu kwe-50Hz, ubungakanani bomthwalo wemoto kufuneka buthathelwe ingqalelo ukuthintela ukungonelanga kwetorque yemoto.
Ngokomzekelo, i-torque eyenziwa yi-motor kwi-100Hz iyancipha ukuya kwi-1/2 ye-torque eyenziwe kwi-50Hz.
Ke ngoko, ukulawulwa kwesantya ngaphezulu kwesantya esilinganiselweyo kubizwa ngokuba ngummiselo wesantya samandla esingaguqukiyo. (P=Ue*Ie).
5.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-converter frequency ngaphezulu kwe-50Hz
Kwimoto ethile, i-voltage yayo elinganisiweyo kunye nereyithingi yangoku ayitshintshi.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba amaxabiso alinganisiweyo e-inverter kunye ne-motor zombini: 15kW / 380V / 30A, i-motor inokusebenza ngaphezu kwe-50Hz.
Xa isantya singu-50Hz, i-voltage ephumayo ye-inverter yi-380V kwaye yangoku yi-30A. Ngeli xesha, ukuba i-frequency ye-output inyuswe ukuya kwi-60Hz, i-voltage ephezulu yokuphuma kunye ne-inverter yangoku inokuba yi-380V / 30A kuphela. Ngokucacileyo, amandla okuphuma ahlala engatshintshi, ngoko sikubiza ngokuba ngummiselo wesantya samandla rhoqo.
Injani itorque ngeli xesha?
Ngenxa yokuba i-P = wT (w; i-angular velocity, T: torque), ekubeni i-P ihlala ingatshintshi kwaye w inyuka, i-torque iya kuncipha ngokufanelekileyo.
Sinokuyijonga nakwenye i-engile:
I-voltage ye-stator ye-motor ngu-U = E + I * R (Ndingoku, i-R ixhathisa i-electronic, kwaye i-E ibangelwa amandla).
Kuya kubonakala ukuba xa u-U kunye nam singatshintshi, u-E naye akatshintshi.
Kwaye E=k*f*X (k: rhoqo; f: frequency; X: magnetic flux), ngoko xa u-f etshintsha ukusuka ku-50–>60Hz, u-X uya kuncipha ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwimoto, T=K*I*X (K: rhoqo; I: yangoku; X: i-magnetic flux), ngoko i-torque T iya kuncipha njengoko i-magnetic flux X iyancipha.
Ngexesha elifanayo, xa lingaphantsi kwe-50Hz, ekubeni i-I * R incinci kakhulu, xa i-U / f = E / f ingatshintshi, i-magnetic flux (X) ihlala njalo. ITorque T ilingana neyangoku. Kungenxa yoko le nto umthamo ogqithisiweyo we-inverter uhlala usetyenziselwa ukuchaza umthamo wayo ogqithisiweyo (i-torque), kwaye ubizwa ngokuba yi-regulation yesantya se-torque eqhubekayo (ixesha elilinganisiweyo lihlala lingatshintshi-> i-torque ephezulu ihlala ingatshintshi)
Isiphelo: Xa i-frequency yemveliso ye-inverter inyuka ukusuka ngaphezulu kwe-50Hz, i-torque ye-motor iya kuncipha.
6.Ezinye izinto ezinxulumene ne-torque ephumayo
Ukuveliswa kobushushu kunye namandla okutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kumisela imveliso yangoku ye-inverter, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela umthamo we-torque ye-inverter.
1. I-frequency Carrier: I-rerated current ephawulwe kwi-inverter ngokuqhelekileyo lixabiso elinokuqinisekisa imveliso eqhubekayo kwi-frequency carrier ephezulu kunye neqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukunciphisa i-frequency carrier akuyi kuchaphazela i-current ye-motor. Nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kobushushu bamacandelo kuya kuncitshiswa.
2. Ubushushu be-Ambient: Kanye njengokuba ixabiso langoku lokhuseleko lwe-inverter aliyi kunyuswa xa ubushushu be-ambient bufunyenwe buphantsi.
3. Ukuphakama: Ukunyuka kokuphakama kunempembelelo ekutshitshisweni kobushushu kunye nokusebenza kwe-insulation. Ngokubanzi, inokungahoywa ngaphantsi kwe-1000m, kwaye umthamo unokuncitshiswa nge-5% kwi-1000 yeemitha ngaphezulu.
7.Yeyiphi i-frequency efanelekileyo ye-frequency converter ukulawula i-motor?
Kwesi sishwankathelo singentla, sifunde ukuba kutheni i-inverter isetyenziselwa ukulawula i-motor, kwaye saqonda nokuba i-inverter ilawula njani i-motor. I-inverter ilawula i-motor, enokuthi ishwankathelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Okokuqala, i-inverter ilawula i-voltage yokuqala kunye nokuphindaphinda kwemoto ukufezekisa ukuqala okugudileyo kunye nokuyeka okugudileyo;
Okwesibini, i-inverter isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa isantya semoto, kwaye isantya semoto sihlengahlengiswa ngokutshintsha i-frequency.
Injini yemagnethi esisigxina ye-Anhui Mingtengiimveliso zilawulwa yi inverter. Ngaphakathi koluhlu lomthwalo we-25% -120%, banokusebenza okuphezulu kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokusebenza kuneenjini ze-asynchronous zeenkcukacha ezifanayo, kwaye zineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo zokugcina amandla.
Iingcali zethu zobuchwephesha ziya kukhetha i-inverter efanelekileyo ngakumbi ngokweemeko ezithile zokusebenza kunye neemfuno zokwenyani zabathengi ukufezekisa ulawulo olungcono lwemoto kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwemoto. Ukongeza, isebe lethu lenkonzo yobuchwephesha linokukhokelela kude abathengi ukuba bafake kwaye balungise i-inverter, kwaye baqonde ukulandelwa okujikelezayo kunye nenkonzo ngaphambi nangemva kokuthengisa.
Ilungelo lokushicilela: Eli nqaku lishicilelwe kwakhona inombolo kawonkewonke ye-WeChat "Uqeqesho lobuGcisa", ikhonkco lokuqala https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/eLgSvyLFTtslLF-m6wXMtA
Eli nqaku alibonisi iimbono zenkampani yethu. Ukuba unezimvo ezahlukeneyo okanye iimbono, nceda usilungise!
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-09-2024