I. Injongo kunye nokubaluleka kokulinganisa i-synchronous inductance
(1)Injongo yokulinganisa iParameters ye-Synchronous Inductance (oko kukuthi i-Cross-axis Inductance)
Iiparamitha ze-AC kunye ne-DC zokungeniswa zezona parameters zibalulekileyo kwimagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor. Ukufunyanwa kwabo ngokuchanekileyo yimfuneko kunye nesiseko sokubala kweempawu zemoto, ukulinganisa okuguquguqukayo kunye nolawulo lwesantya. I-synchronous inductance ingasetyenziselwa ukubala iipropati ezininzi ezizinzileyo ezifana ne-power factor, ukusebenza kakuhle, i-torque, i-armature current, amandla kunye nezinye iiparitha. Kwinkqubo yolawulo lwemoto yamagnetic esisigxina usebenzisa ulawulo lwe-vector, iiparamitha ze-synchronous inductor zibandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kwi-algorithm yokulawula, kwaye iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba kummandla obuthathaka wamagnetic, ukuchaneka kweeparameters zemoto kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwe-torque. kunye namandla. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka kweeparamitha ze-synchronous inductor.
(2) Iingxaki ekufuneka ziqatshelwe ekulinganiseni i-synchronous inductance
Ukufumana uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, ubume bemagnethi esisigxina yeemotor ze-synchronous zihlala ziyilelwe ukuba zintsonkothe ngakumbi, kwaye i-magnetic circuit ye-motor igcwele ngakumbi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiparameter ye-synchronous inductance ye-motor yahluka ngokuzaliswa kwemoto. umjikelo wemagnethi. Ngamanye amazwi, iiparamitha ziya kutshintsha kunye neemeko zokusebenza zemoto, ngokupheleleyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezilinganisiweyo zeeparamitha ze-synchronous inductance azikwazi ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo ubunjani beeparamitha zemoto. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa amaxabiso e-inductance phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
2.imagnethi esisigxina kwiindlela zokulinganisa i-synchronous inductance
Eli phepha liqokelela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa i-synchronous inductance kwaye lenza uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha kunye nohlalutyo lwazo. Ezi ndlela zinokuhlelwa ngokuqikelelwa kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili: uvavanyo lomthwalo othe ngqo kunye novavanyo olungangqalanga lwe-static. Uvavanyo lwe-Static lwahlulahlulwe ngakumbi kuvavanyo lwe-AC lwe-static kunye novavanyo olungatshintshiyo lwe-DC. Namhlanje, intlawulo yokuqala yethu "IiNdlela zoVavanyo lwe-Synchronous Inductor" iya kuchaza indlela yokuvavanya umthwalo.
Uncwadi [1] lwazisa umgaqo wendlela yomthwalo othe ngqo. Iinjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zidla ngokuhlalutywa ngokusebenzisa ithiyori yokuphendula kabini ukuhlalutya umsebenzi wabo womthwalo, kwaye imizobo yesigaba sejenereyitha kunye nokusebenza kweemoto kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1 ngezantsi. I-engile yamandla θ yejenereyitha ilungile nge-E0 edlula i-U, i-engile ye-power factor φ ilungile nge-I edlula i-U, kunye ne-engile yamandla yangaphakathi ψ ilungile nge-E0 edlula i-I. I-engile yamandla θ yemoto ilungile nge-engile U-U udlula i-E0, i-engile ye-power factor φ i-positive nge-U edlula i-I, kunye ne-engile yamandla yangaphakathi ψ ilungile nge-I edlula u-E0.
Umzobo weSigaba soku-1 somzobo wokusebenza kwemagnethi esisigxina
(a)Imeko yomvelisi (b) Isimo seMoto
Ngokwalo mzobo wesigaba unokufumaneka: xa umsebenzi womthwalo wemagnethi osisigxina, ulinganisa amandla e-electromotive amandla e-E0, i-armature terminal voltage U, yangoku, i-angle factor φ kunye ne-angle yamandla θ njalo njalo, inokufumaneka i-armature. yangoku ye-axis ethe tye, icandelo le-cross-axis i-Id = Isin (θ - φ) kunye ne-Iq = Icos (θ - φ), emva koko i-Xd kunye ne-Xq zinokufunyanwa le nxaki ilandelayo:
Xa ijenereyitha isebenza:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ-IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (1)
Xq=[Usinθ+IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (2)
Xa injini isebenza:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ+IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (3)
Xq=[Usinθ-IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (4)
Iiparamitha zemo ezizinzileyo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-synchronous motors zitshintsha njengoko iimeko zokusebenza zemoto zitshintsha, kwaye xa i-arature yangoku itshintsha, zombini i-Xd kunye ne-Xq iyatshintsha. Ngoko ke, xa umisela iiparamitha, qiniseka ukuba ubonisa iimeko zokusebenza kweemoto. (Isixa se-alternating kunye ne-shaft ngqo yangoku okanye i-stator yangoku kunye ne-engile yamandla yangaphakathi)
Ubunzima obuphambili xa ulinganisa iiparameters ze-inductive ngendlela yomthwalo othe ngqo ilele kumlinganiselo we-angle yamandla θ. Njengoko sisazi, ngumahluko we-engile yesigaba phakathi kwe-motor terminal voltage U kunye ne-excitation electromotive force. Xa i-motor isebenza ngokuzinzileyo, i-voltage yokuphela inokufumaneka ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa i-E0 ayinakufunyanwa ngokuthe ngqo, ngoko inokufumaneka kuphela ngendlela engathanga ngqo yokufumana umqondiso wexesha kunye ne-frequency efana ne-E0 kunye nokwahlukana kwesigaba esisisigxina sokutshintsha. E0 ukwenzela ukuba wenze uthelekiso lwesigaba kunye nombane wokuphela.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezingathanga ngqo zezi:
1) kwindawo yokubeka i-armature ye-motor phantsi kovavanyo lokungcwaba i-pitch kunye ne-coil yokuqala ye-motor yojiko oluninzi locingo oluhle njengekhoyili yokulinganisa, ukuze ufumane isigaba esifanayo kunye ne-motor winding phantsi komqondiso wokuthelekisa umbane wovavanyo, ngokuthelekisa i-angle factor yamandla inokufumaneka.
2) Faka i-synchronous motor kwi-shaft ye-motor phantsi kovavanyo olufana nemoto phantsi kovavanyo. Indlela yokulinganisa isigaba sombane [2], eya kuchazwa ngezantsi, isekelwe kulo mgaqo. Umzobo woqhagamshelo lovavanyo uboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. I-TSM yimoto yemagnethi esisigxina phantsi kovavanyo, i-ASM yimoto efana ne-synchronous eyongeziweyo efunekayo, i-PM yi-prime mover, enokuthi ibe yi-synchronous motor okanye i-DC. i-motor, i-B yi-brake, kunye ne-DBO yi-oscilloscope ye-beam emibini. Izigaba ze-B kunye ne-C ze-TSM kunye ne-ASM zixhunyiwe i-oscilloscope. Xa i-TSM ixhunywe kumandla ombane wesigaba sesithathu, i-oscilloscope ifumana iimpawu ze-VTSM kunye ne-E0ASM. ngenxa yokuba iinjini ezimbini ziyafana kwaye zijikeleza ngokuhambelanayo, i-backpotential yokungabikho komthwalo we-TSM yomvavanyi kunye ne-no-load backpotential ye-ASM, esebenza njenge-generator, i-E0ASM, ikwisigaba. Ngoko ke, i-angle yamandla θ, okt, umahluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-VTSM kunye ne-E0ASM unokulinganiswa.
Umzobo 2 Umzobo wokulinga wocingo wokulinganisa amandla eengile
Le ndlela ayiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba: ① kwishafti yerotor kunyuswe imotor encinci ehambelanayo okanye isiguquli esijikelezayo esifunekayo ukuze kulinganiswe imotor ineziphelo ezimbini ezoluliweyo, edla ngokuba nzima ukuyenza. ② Ukuchaneka komlinganiselo we-angle yamandla kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumxholo ophezulu we-harmonic we-VTSM kunye ne-E0ASM, kwaye ukuba umxholo we-harmonic ukhulu kakhulu, ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kuya kuncitshiswa.
I-3) Ukuphucula ukuchaneka kovavanyo lwe-angle yamandla kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa, ngoku ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zendawo ukufumanisa uphawu lwendawo ye-rotor, kwaye emva koko uthelekiso lwesigaba kunye nendlela yokuphela kombane.
Umgaqo osisiseko kukufaka idiski eqikelelweyo okanye ebonakalisiweyo yefotoelectric kwishafti ye-synchronous motor elinganisiweyo yemagnethi esisigxina, inani lemingxuma esasazwe ngokufanayo kwidiski okanye iziphawuli ezimnyama nezimhlophe kunye nenani lezibini zeepali ze-synchronous motor phantsi kovavanyo. . Xa idiski ijikelezisa revolution enye nge motor, i sensor photoelectric ifumana imiqondiso ye-p rotor kwaye ivelise i-p low voltage pulses. Xa i-motor isebenza nge-synchronously, i-frequency ye-signal position ye-rotor ilingana ne-frequency ye-voltage terminal ye-armature, kwaye isigaba sayo sibonisa isigaba samandla e-electromotive e-excitation. Isignali ye-synchronization pulse yandiswa ngokubunjwa, isigaba sitshintshile kunye ne-voltage ye-armature ye-motor ye-armature yokuvavanya ukuthelekisa isigaba ukuze ufumane umahluko wesigaba. Cwangcisa xa i-motor ingasebenzi, umehluko wesigaba ngu-θ1 (uqikelelo lokuba ngeli xesha i-angle yamandla θ = 0), xa umthwalo uqhuba, umahluko wesigaba ngu-θ2, ngoko umahluko wesigaba θ2 - θ1 ngumlinganiselo Umazibuthe osisigxina ixabiso le-engile ye-engile yemoto ehambelanayo. Umzobo weskim uboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Isazobe sesi-3 somzobo we-engile yomlinganiselo wamandla
Njengoko kwi disk photoelectric iyunifomu iqatywe ngophawu emnyama namhlophe kunzima ngakumbi, kwaye xa kulinganiswe umazibuthe esisigxina synchronous motor izibonda ngaxeshanye yokumakisha disk ayikwazi eqhelekileyo omnye komnye. Ukwenza lula, kunokuvavanywa kwishafti yemagnethi esisigxina esongelwe kwisangqa seteyiphu emnyama, eqatywe ngophawu olumhlophe, umthombo wokukhanya obonakalayo wesithombe sombane okhutshwa kukukhanya okuqokelelwe kwesi sangqa kumphezulu weteyiphu. Ngale ndlela, lonke ujiko motor, inzwa photoelectric kwi transistor photosensitive ngenxa yokufumana ukukhanya ebonakalisiweyo kunye conduction kube kanye, okubangela umqondiso ipulse yombane, emva kokukhulisa kunye nokumila ukufumana uthelekiso uphawu E1. ukusuka kwi-motor yokuvavanya i-armature winding end of any phase-phase-voltage, yi-voltage transformer PT ukuya kwi-voltage ephantsi, ithunyelwe kwi-comparator ye-voltage, ukubunjwa kommeli wesigaba soxande se-voltage pulse signal U1. I-U1 nge-frequency ye-p-division, ukuthelekiswa kwesigaba sokuthelekisa ukufumana uthelekiso phakathi kwesigaba kunye nomlinganisi wesigaba. I-U1 nge-frequency ye-p-division, ngokuthelekisa isigaba ukuthelekisa umahluko wesigaba sayo kunye nomqondiso.
Ukusilela kwendlela yokulinganisa i-engile yamandla kukuba umahluko phakathi kwemilinganiselo emibini kufuneka wenziwe ukufumana i-engile yamandla. Ukuze ugweme ubuninzi obubini obuthatyathiweyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka, kumlinganiselo wokwahlukana kwesigaba somthwalo θ2, ukuguqulwa komqondiso we-U2, umahluko wesigaba esilinganisiweyo ngu-θ2'=180 ° - θ2, i-angle yamandla θ=180 ° - ( θ1 + θ2'), eguqula izambuku ezimbini ukusuka ekuthabatheni kwesigaba ukongezwa. Umzobo wobungakanani besigaba uboniswe kumfanekiso we-4.
Isazobe 4 Umgaqo wendlela yokudibanisa isigaba sokubala umahluko wesigaba
Enye indlela ephuculweyo ayisebenzisi ulwahlulo lwamaza ombane oxande oluxande, kodwa sebenzisa i-microcomputer ngaxeshanye ukurekhoda imo yomqondiso, ngokulandelelanayo, ngojongano lwegalelo, urekhode i-voltage engekho-mthwalo kunye ne-rotor position signal waveforms U0, E0, ngokunjalo Umthamo wamandla ombane kunye nesikhundla se-rotor isibonakaliso soxande lwamaza e-U1, E1, kwaye emva koko uhambise iifomati zamaza ezirekhodiweyo ezimbini ngokuzalana ukuya kwenye de kube iiforms zamaza ombane amabini axande. iimpawu ze-waveform zigqitywe ngokupheleleyo, xa umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-rotor ezimbini Umahluko wesigaba phakathi kweempawu ezimbini ze-rotor yi-angle yamandla; okanye uhambise i-waveform kwi-rotor positions two signal waveforms ihambelana, emva koko umahluko wesigaba phakathi kweempawu zombane ezimbini yi-engile yamandla.
Kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba owona msebenzi ungekho mthwalo we-injini ye-synchronous yemagnethi esisigxina, i-angle yamandla ayikho i-zero, ngakumbi kwiimoto ezincinci, ngenxa yokungabikho komthwalo wokulahlekelwa ngumthwalo (kubandakanya ukulahleka kobhedu lwe-stator, ukulahleka kwentsimbi, ilahleko yoomatshini, ilahleko elahlekileyo) inkulu ngokwentelekiso, ukuba ucinga ukuba i-engile yamandla angenamthwalo we-zero, iya kubangela impazamo enkulu kumlinganiselo we-engile yamandla, enokusetyenziswa ukwenza i-DC motor ibaleke Imo yemoto, icala lokuqhuba kunye novavanyo lokuqhuba oluhambelanayo, kunye ne-DC motor steering, i-DC motor inokubaleka kwindawo enye, kwaye i-DC motor ingasetyenziswa njengemoto yovavanyo. Oku kunokwenza ukuba imoto ye-DC ibaleke kwisimo semoto, ukuqhubela phambili kunye novavanyo lokuqhuba oluhambelana nemoto ye-DC ukubonelela ngayo yonke ilahleko yeshaft yemoto yovavanyo (kubandakanya ilahleko yentsimbi, ukulahleka koomatshini, ilahleko elahlekileyo, njl.njl.). Indlela yokugweba kukuba amandla okufakelwa kweemoto zokuvavanya alingana nokusetyenziswa kobhedu lwe-stator, oko kukuthi, i-P1 = pCu, kunye ne-voltage kunye ne-current in phase. Ngeli xesha umlinganiselo θ1 uhambelana ne-angle yamandla ka-zero.
Isishwankathelo: iingenelo zale ndlela:
① Indlela yomthwalo othe ngqo inokulinganisa i-status saturation inductance phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo, kwaye ayifuni iqhinga lokulawula, elibonakalayo kwaye lilula.
Ngenxa yokuba umlinganiselo wenziwa ngokuthe ngqo phantsi komthwalo, umphumo wokugcwalisa kunye nempembelelo ye-demagnetization yangoku kwiiparamitha ze-inductance inokuthathelwa ingqalelo.
Ukungalungi kwale ndlela:
① Indlela yomthwalo othe ngqo ifuna ukulinganisa ubuninzi obuninzi ngexesha elinye (isigaba sesithathu sombane, isigaba sesithathu sangoku, i-angle factor, njl.njl.), umlinganiselo we-engile yamandla unzima ngakumbi, kunye nokuchaneka kovavanyo inani ngalinye linempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo ekuchanekeni kwezibalo zeparameter, kwaye zonke iintlobo zeempazamo kuvavanyo lweparameter kulula ukuziqokelela. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa indlela yomthwalo othe ngqo ukulinganisa iiparitha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kuhlalutyo lwephutha, kwaye ukhethe ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwesixhobo sokuvavanya.
② Ixabiso le-excitation electromotive force E0 kule ndlela yokulinganisa ithatyathelwa indawo ngokuthe ngqo yi-motor terminal voltage ngaphandle komthwalo, kwaye oku kuqikelelwa kuzisa neempazamo zendalo. Ngenxa yokuba, indawo yokusebenza yemagnethi esisigxina iyatshintsha kunye nomthwalo, oku kuthetha ukuba kwimisinga eyahlukeneyo ye-stator, ukunyanzeliswa kunye noxinzelelo lwe-flux yemagnethi esisigxina yahlukile, ngoko ke amandla e-excitation electromotive nawo ahluke. Ngale ndlela, akuchanekanga kakhulu ukubuyisela amandla e-electromotive e-excitation phantsi kwemeko yomthwalo kunye ne-excitation electromotive force ngaphandle komthwalo.
Iimbekiselo
[1] Tang Renyuan et al. Ithiyori yale mihla yemagnethi esisigxina kunye noyilo. EBeijing: Ushicilelo lweshishini loomatshini. Matshi 2011
[2] JF Gieras, M. Wing. Ubuchwephesha beMoto yeMagnet eSisigxina, uYilo kunye nezicelo, 2nd ed. ENew York: uMarcel Dekker, 2002:170-171
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