I. Injongo kunye nokubaluleka kokulinganisa i-synchronous inductance
(1)Injongo yokulinganisa iParameters ye-Synchronous Inductance (oko kukuthi i-Cross-axis Inductance)
Iiparamitha ze-AC kunye ne-DC zokungeniswa zezona parameters zibalulekileyo kwimagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor. Ukufunyanwa kwabo ngokuchanekileyo yimfuneko kunye nesiseko sokubala kweempawu zemoto, ukulinganisa okuguquguqukayo kunye nolawulo lwesantya. I-synchronous inductance ingasetyenziselwa ukubala iipropati ezininzi ezizinzileyo ezifana ne-power factor, ukusebenza kakuhle, i-torque, i-armature current, amandla kunye nezinye iiparitha. Kwinkqubo yokulawula i-motor yamagnetic esisigxina usebenzisa i-vector control, i-synchronous inductor parameters ibandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kwi-algorithm yokulawula, kwaye iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba kummandla obuthathaka wamagnetic, ukuchaneka kweeparameters zemoto kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwe-torque kunye namandla. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka kweeparamitha ze-synchronous inductor.
(2) Iingxaki ekufuneka ziqatshelwe ekulinganiseni i-synchronous inductance
Ukufumana uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, ulwakhiwo lweemotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi ezilungelelanisiweyo zihlala ziyilelwe ukuba zintsonkothe ngakumbi, kwaye isekethe yemagnethi yemoto igcwele ngakumbi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiparamitha yokuvumelanisa ye-synchronous inductance yemoto eyohluka kunye nokuzaliswa kwesekethe kazibuthe. Ngamanye amazwi, iiparamitha ziya kutshintsha kunye neemeko zokusebenza zemoto, ngokupheleleyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezilinganisiweyo zeeparamitha ze-synchronous inductance azikwazi ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo ubunjani beeparamitha zemoto. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa amaxabiso e-inductance phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
2.imagnethi esisigxina kwiindlela zokulinganisa i-synchronous inductance
Eli phepha liqokelela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa i-synchronous inductance kwaye lenza uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha kunye nohlalutyo lwazo. Ezi ndlela zinokuhlelwa ngokuqikelelwa kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili: uvavanyo lomthwalo othe ngqo kunye novavanyo olungangqalanga lwe-static. Uvavanyo lwe-Static lwahlulahlulwe ngakumbi kuvavanyo lwe-AC lwe-static kunye novavanyo olungatshintshiyo lwe-DC. Namhlanje, intlawulo yokuqala yethu "IiNdlela zoVavanyo lwe-Synchronous Inductor" iya kuchaza indlela yokuvavanya umthwalo.
Uncwadi [1] lwazisa umgaqo wendlela yomthwalo othe ngqo. Iinjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zidla ngokuhlalutywa ngokusebenzisa ithiyori yokuphendula kabini ukuhlalutya umsebenzi wabo womthwalo, kwaye imizobo yesigaba sejenereyitha kunye nokusebenza kweemoto kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1 ngezantsi. I-angle yamandla θ ye-generator ilungile nge-E0 edlula i-U, i-angle factor φ ilungile nge-I edlula u-U, kwaye i-angle yangaphakathi yamandla angaphakathi ψ ilungile nge-E0 idlula i-I. I-angle yamandla θ ye-motor i-positive nge-U edlula i-E0, i-angle factor φ ilungile kunye no-U ngaphezu kwe-I, kwaye i-angle yangaphakathi yamandla e-opha i-E0 egqithisayo.
Umzobo weSigaba soku-1 somzobo wokusebenza kwemagnethi esisigxina
(a)Imeko yomvelisi (b) Isimo seMoto
Ngokwale nqanaba lomzobo unokufumaneka: xa umsebenzi womthwalo wemagnethi osisigxina, ulinganisa akukho mthwalo wokuvuselela amandla e-electromotive force E0, i-armature terminal voltage U, yangoku I, i-angle factor factor φ kunye ne-angle yamandla θ njalo njalo, inokufumaneka i-armature current ye-axis ethe tye, i-cross-axis component Id = Isin (θ - φφφ) kunye ne-XΆΆ inokuba ifunyenwe kwi-XΆφφ (i-XΆθ) kunye ne-Iq = le nxaki ilandelayo:
Xa ijenereyitha isebenza:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ-IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (1)
Xq=[Usinθ+IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (2)
Xa injini isebenza:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ+IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (3)
Xq=[Usinθ-IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (4)
Iiparamitha zemo ezizinzileyo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-synchronous motors zitshintsha njengoko iimeko zokusebenza zemoto zitshintsha, kwaye xa i-arature yangoku itshintsha, zombini i-Xd kunye ne-Xq iyatshintsha. Ngoko ke, xa umisela iiparamitha, qiniseka ukuba ubonisa iimeko zokusebenza kweemoto. (Isixa se-alternating kunye ne-shaft ngqo yangoku okanye i-stator yangoku kunye ne-engile yamandla yangaphakathi)
Ubunzima obuphambili xa ulinganisa iiparameters ze-inductive ngendlela yomthwalo othe ngqo ilele kumlinganiselo we-angle yamandla θ. Njengoko sisazi, ngumahluko we-engile yesigaba phakathi kwe-motor terminal voltage U kunye ne-excitation electromotive force. Xa i-motor isebenza ngokuzinzileyo, i-voltage yokuphela inokufumaneka ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa i-E0 ayinakufumaneka ngokuthe ngqo, ngoko inokufumaneka kuphela ngendlela engathanga ngqo yokufumana umqondiso wexesha kunye ne-frequency efana ne-E0 kunye nokwahlukana kwesigaba esisisigxina sokutshintsha i-E0 ukwenzela ukuba wenze uthelekiso lwesigaba kunye nombane wokugqibela.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezingathanga ngqo zezi:
1) kwindawo ye-armature slot ye-motor phantsi kovavanyo lokungcwaba i-pitch kunye ne-coil yokuqala ye-motor yokujika okuningana kocingo oluhle njengekhoyili yokulinganisa, ukuze ufumane isigaba esifanayo kunye ne-motor winding phantsi komqondiso wokulinganisa umbane wovavanyo, ngokuthelekisa i-angle factor factor inokufumaneka.
2) Faka i-synchronous motor kwi-shaft ye-motor phantsi kovavanyo olufana nemoto phantsi kovavanyo. Indlela yokulinganisa isigaba sombane [2], eya kuchazwa ngezantsi, isekelwe kulo mgaqo. Umzobo wokuqhagamshelwa kovavanyo uboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. I-TSM yimagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor phantsi kovavanyo, i-ASM yimoto efana ne-synchronous eyongezelelweyo efunekayo, i-PM yi-prime mover, enokuthi ibe yi-motor synchronous okanye i-motor ye-DC, i-B yi-brake, kunye ne-DBO yi-double beam beam oscilloscope kunye ne-CSM edibeneyo kwisigaba se-TSM kunye ne-TSM edibeneyo. i-oscilloscope. Xa i-TSM ixhunywe kumandla ombane wesigaba sesithathu, i-oscilloscope ifumana iimpawu ze-VTSM kunye ne-E0ASM. ngenxa yokuba iinjini ezimbini ziyafana kwaye zijikeleza ngokuhambelanayo, i-backpotential yokungabikho komthwalo we-TSM yomvavanyi kunye ne-no-load backpotential ye-ASM, esebenza njenge-generator, i-E0ASM, ikwisigaba. Ngoko ke, i-angle yamandla θ, okt, umahluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-VTSM kunye ne-E0ASM unokulinganiswa.
Umzobo 2 Umzobo wokulinga wocingo wokulinganisa amandla eengile
Le ndlela ayiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba: ① kwishafti yerotor kunyuswe imotor encinci ehambelanayo okanye isiguquli esijikelezayo esifunekayo ukuze kulinganiswe imotor ineziphelo ezimbini ezoluliweyo, edla ngokuba nzima ukuyenza. ② Ukuchaneka komlinganiselo we-angle yamandla kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumxholo ophezulu we-harmonic we-VTSM kunye ne-E0ASM, kwaye ukuba umxholo we-harmonic ukhulu kakhulu, ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kuya kuncitshiswa.
I-3) Ukuphucula ukuchaneka kovavanyo lwe-angle yamandla kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa, ngoku ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zendawo ukufumanisa uphawu lwendawo ye-rotor, kwaye emva koko uthelekiso lwesigaba kunye nendlela yokuphela kombane.
Umgaqo osisiseko kukufakela idiski eqikelelweyo okanye ebonakalisiweyo yefoto yombane kwishafti ye-synchronous motor elinganisiweyo yemagnethi esisigxina, inani lemingxuma esasazwe ngokufanayo kwidiski okanye iziphawuli ezimnyama nezimhlophe kunye nenani lezibini zeepali ze-synchronous motor phantsi kovavanyo. Xa idiski ijikelezisa revolution enye nge motor, i sensor photoelectric ifumana imiqondiso ye-p rotor kwaye ivelise i-p low voltage pulses. Xa i-motor isebenza nge-synchronously, i-frequency ye-signal position ye-rotor ilingana ne-frequency ye-voltage terminal ye-armature, kwaye isigaba sayo sibonisa isigaba samandla e-electromotive e-excitation. Isignali ye-synchronization pulse yandiswa ngokubunjwa, isigaba sitshintshile kunye ne-voltage ye-armature ye-motor ye-armature yokuvavanya ukuthelekisa isigaba ukuze ufumane umahluko wesigaba. Misela xa i-motor akukho-load operation, umahluko wesigaba ngu-θ1 (uqikelelo lokuba ngeli xesha i-angle yamandla θ = 0), xa umthwalo uqhuba, umahluko wesigaba ngu-θ2, ngoko ke umahluko wesigaba θ2 - θ1 ngumlinganiselo wemagnethi osisigxina we-synchronous motor load power value. Umzobo weskim uboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Isazobe sesi-3 somzobo we-engile yomlinganiselo wamandla
Njengoko kwi disk photoelectric iyunifomu iqatywe ngophawu emnyama namhlophe kunzima ngakumbi, kwaye xa kulinganiswe umazibuthe esisigxina synchronous motor izibonda ngaxeshanye yokumakisha disk ayikwazi eqhelekileyo omnye komnye. Ukwenza lula, kunokuvavanywa kwishafti yemagnethi esisigxina esongelwe kwisangqa seteyiphu emnyama, eqatywe ngophawu olumhlophe, umthombo wokukhanya obonakalayo wesithombe sombane okhutshwa kukukhanya okuqokelelwe kwesi sangqa kumphezulu weteyiphu. Ngale ndlela, lonke ujiko motor, inzwa photoelectric kwi transistor photosensitive ngenxa yokufumana ukukhanya ebonakalisiweyo kunye conduction kube kanye, okubangela umqondiso ipulse yombane, emva kokukhulisa kunye nokumila ukufumana uthelekiso uphawu E1. ukusuka kwi-motor yokuvavanya i-armature winding end of any phase-phase-voltage, yi-voltage transformer PT ukuya kwi-voltage ephantsi, ithunyelwe kwi-comparator ye-voltage, ukubunjwa kommeli wesigaba soxande se-voltage pulse signal U1. I-U1 nge-frequency ye-p-division, ukuthelekiswa kwesigaba sokuthelekisa ukufumana uthelekiso phakathi kwesigaba kunye nomlinganisi wesigaba. I-U1 nge-frequency ye-p-division, ngokuthelekisa isigaba ukuthelekisa umahluko wesigaba sayo kunye nomqondiso.
Ukusilela kwendlela yokulinganisa i-engile yamandla kukuba umahluko phakathi kwemilinganiselo emibini kufuneka wenziwe ukufumana i-engile yamandla. Ukuze ugweme ubuninzi obubini obuthatyathiweyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka, ekulinganiseni umehluko wesigaba somthwalo θ2, ukuguqulwa kwesignali ye-U2, umehluko wesigaba esilinganisiweyo ngu-θ2'=180 ° - θ2, i-angle yokongeza θ=180 ° - (θ1 + θ2'), eguqula ubuninzi obubini ukusuka kwisigaba sokuthabatha. Umzobo wobungakanani besigaba uboniswe kumfanekiso we-4.
Isazobe 4 Umgaqo wendlela yokudibanisa isigaba sokubala umahluko wesigaba
Enye indlela ephuculweyo ayisebenzisi ulwahlulo lwamaza ombane oxande, kodwa sebenzisa i-microcomputer ukurekhoda kwangaxeshanye uphawu lwamaza, ngokulandelelana, ngojongano lwegalelo, urekhode i-voltage engekho yomthwalo kunye ne-rotor position signal waveforms U0, E0, kunye nomthamo wombane kunye nesikhundla se-rotor i-rectangular waveform signals U1, E1, kwaye emva koko uhambise enye irekhodi ye-waves ye-record i-record enye i-record waveforms ye-voltage nganye. iimpawu ze-waveform zigqitywe ngokupheleleyo, xa umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-rotor ezimbini Umahluko wesigaba phakathi kweempawu ezimbini ze-rotor yi-angle yamandla; okanye uhambise i-waveform kwi-rotor positions two signal waveforms ihambelana, emva koko umahluko wesigaba phakathi kweempawu zombane ezimbini yi-engile yamandla.
Kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba owona msebenzi wokwenyani awukho umthwalo wemagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor, i-angle yamandla ayikho i-zero, ngakumbi kwiimoto ezincinci ze-DC, ngenxa yokungasebenzi komthwalo wokungabikho komthwalo (kubandakanya ilahleko yobhedu ye-stator, ilahleko yentsimbi, ilahleko yomatshini, ilahleko elahlekileyo) inkulu ngokwentelekiso, ukuba ucinga ukuba i-angle yombane engenawo umthwalo we-zero, iya kubangela impazamo enkulu kwi-engile yemoto, iya kubangela impazamo enkulu kwi-engile yokuqhuba i-engile yemoto. Imo yemoto, icala lokuqhuba kunye novavanyo lokuqhuba oluhambelanayo, kunye ne-DC motor steering, i-DC motor inokubaleka kwindawo enye, kwaye i-DC motor ingasetyenziswa njengemoto yovavanyo. Oku kunokwenza ukuba imoto ye-DC ibaleke kwisimo semoto, ukuqhubela phambili kunye novavanyo lokuqhuba oluhambelana nemoto ye-DC ukubonelela ngayo yonke ilahleko yeshaft yemoto yovavanyo (kubandakanya ilahleko yentsimbi, ukulahleka koomatshini, ilahleko elahlekileyo, njl.njl.). Indlela yokugweba kukuba amandla okufakelwa kweemoto zokuvavanya alingana nokusetyenziswa kobhedu lwe-stator, oko kukuthi, i-P1 = pCu, kunye ne-voltage kunye ne-current in phase. Ngeli xesha umlinganiselo θ1 uhambelana ne-angle yamandla ka-zero.
Isishwankathelo: iingenelo zale ndlela:
① Indlela yomthwalo othe ngqo inokulinganisa i-status saturation inductance phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo, kwaye ayifuni iqhinga lokulawula, elibonakalayo kwaye lilula.
Ngenxa yokuba umlinganiselo wenziwa ngokuthe ngqo phantsi komthwalo, umphumo wokugcwalisa kunye nempembelelo ye-demagnetization yangoku kwiiparamitha ze-inductance inokuthathelwa ingqalelo.
Ukungalungi kwale ndlela:
① Indlela yomthwalo othe ngqo ifuna ukulinganisa ubuninzi obuninzi ngaxeshanye (isigaba sesithathu sombane, isigaba sesithathu sangoku, i-angle factor factor, njl.njl.), umlinganiselo we-angle yamandla unzima ngakumbi, kwaye ukuchaneka kovavanyo lwesixa ngasinye kunempembelelo ethe ngqo ekuchanekeni kwezibalo zeparameter, kwaye zonke iintlobo zeempazamo zilula kwi-parameter test. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa indlela yomthwalo othe ngqo ukulinganisa iiparitha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kuhlalutyo lwephutha, kwaye ukhethe ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwesixhobo sokuvavanya.
② Ixabiso le-excitation electromotive force E0 kule ndlela yokulinganisa ithatyathelwa indawo ngokuthe ngqo yi-motor terminal voltage ngaphandle komthwalo, kwaye oku kuqikelelwa kuzisa neempazamo zendalo. Ngenxa yokuba, indawo yokusebenza yemagnethi esisigxina iyatshintsha kunye nomthwalo, oku kuthetha ukuba kwimisinga eyahlukeneyo ye-stator, ukunyanzeliswa kunye noxinzelelo lwe-flux yemagnethi esisigxina yahlukile, ngoko ke amandla e-excitation electromotive nawo ahluke. Ngale ndlela, akuchanekanga kakhulu ukubuyisela amandla e-electromotive e-excitation phantsi kwemeko yomthwalo kunye ne-excitation electromotive force ngaphandle komthwalo.
Iimbekiselo
[1] Tang Renyuan et al. Ithiyori yale mihla yemagnethi esisigxina kunye noyilo. EBeijing: Ushicilelo lweshishini loomatshini. Matshi 2011
[2] JF Gieras, M. Wing. Ubuchwephesha beMoto yeMagnet eSisigxina, uYilo kunye nezicelo, 2nd ed. ENew York: uMarcel Dekker, 2002:170-171
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