1.Ukuhlelwa kweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina kunye nezinto zokuqhuba ishishini

Zininzi iindidi, ezinemilo ebhetyebhetye kunye nobukhulu. Ngokomsebenzi wemoto, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu: iijenereyitha zemagnethi ezisisigxina, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina, kunye nezinzwa zemagnethi ezisisigxina. Phakathi kwazo, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zohlulwe ikakhulu zibe yi-synchronous, DC, kunye ne-stepper.

1) Umazibuthe osisigxina motor synchronous:

Ubume be-stator kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza uhambelana nezo zemveli ze-AC motors asynchronous. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha indawo yeemotor ze-AC ze-asynchronous, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso ezenzekelayo, izixhobo zoomatshini, ushicilelo, amalaphu, ezonyango kunye namanye amacandelo.

2) Umazibuthe osisigxina DC motor:

Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nolwakhiwo ziyafana nezo zeemoto zeDC zemveli. Ngokusekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-brushed (i-mechanical commutation) kunye ne-brushless (i-electronic commutation). Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizithuthi zombane, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zasekhaya kunye namanye amacandelo.

3)Imotor esisigxina yemagnethi yokunyathela:

Isebenzisa intsebenziswano phakathi kwemagnethi eveliswa yimagnethi esisigxina kunye nemagnethi ejikelezayo eveliswa yistator ukufezekisa ukunyathela okuchanekileyo. Ineenzuzo zokuchaneka okuphezulu, isantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezichanekileyo, imigca yokuvelisa ngokuzenzekelayo, izixhobo zonyango kunye nezinye iinkalo.

1.1 Iimeko zokuqhuba

1.1.1 Icala lemveliso

Umgaqo osebenzayo weemagnethi ezisisigxina ulula, kwaye ilahleko yemoto iyancipha kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, iinjini zombane zemveli kufuneka zixhomekeke kumbane wangaphandle ukuvelisa amandla e-electromotive kwijenereyitha, zibonelele ngamandla okuqala, emva koko zixhomekeke kumbane wazo wokuphuma ukuze usebenze. Umgaqo wokusebenza weenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina ulula, kwaye imagnethi ifuna ukubonelelwa ngoomazibuthe abasisigxina.

Xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zakwantu, izibonelelo zeenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zibonakaliswa ikakhulu koku: ① ilahleko yestator esezantsi; ② akukho lahleko yobhedu yerotor; ③ akukho lahleko yentsimbi yerotor; ④ ukungqubana komoya ophantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba icandelo eliphambili leenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina kukuba intsimbi yamagnetic ayimelani nokushisa okuphezulu okuqhubekayo. Ukuze uthintele imeko apho ukusebenza kwemoto kuncitshisiwe okanye kukhutshwe ngenxa ye-demagnetization, ubushushu obusebenzayo bemoto kufuneka bulawuleke ngokufanelekileyo.

Isiphumo sokugcina amandla sibalulekile kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kuphuculwe. Apha ngezantsi, siqhuba uhlalutyo oluthile lokusebenza ngokwahlula iintlobo zeemoto kunye nezixhobo zemoto:

1) Ngokubhekiselele kwiintlobo zeemoto

sikhethe iimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi ezilungelelanisiweyo ukuze zithelekiswe nezinye iimotor zemveli, phakathi kwazo ezitshintshayo iimotor zokungafuni, iimotor zokuthithisa ezihambelanayo, kunye neemotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zonke ziimotor ezihambelanayo. Idityaniswe nezalathi, kuba iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina azifuni iibhrashi kunye nemisinga yokuvuselela, zinokusebenza okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla kuneenjini zemveli. Ngokubhekiselele kumthamo wokugcwala, ngaphandle kweenjini zeDC, eziphantsi kakhulu, ezinye iintlobo azifani kakhulu. Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla eenjini ezisisigxina zemagnethi zezona ntsebenzo zibalaseleyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-85-97%. Nangona iimotor ezincinci zihlala zifikelela ngaphezulu kwe-80%, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zineengenelo ezicacileyo xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-40-60% yeemotor ze-asynchronous. Ngokubhekiselele kumandla ombane, inokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-0.95, ebonisa ukuba ubungakanani becandelo elisebenzayo langoku leenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina ngokwangoku zikhulu kunezinye iintlobo, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla liphezulu.

2)Ngokwezinto ezikrwada zemoto

Ngokwamandla kazibuthe kunye nenqanaba lophuhliso lwezixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ezisetyenziswa kwimoto, iimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: isinyithi, i-ferrite, kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo. Phakathi kwazo, iimotor ze-ferrite kunye nezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisisigxina zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku.

Xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zemveli, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinesakhiwo esilula kunye nesantya esisezantsi sokungaphumeleli. Ukusetyenziswa kwemagnethi esisigxina yomhlaba enqabileyo kunokonyusa umsantsa woxinzelelo lomoya, ukonyusa isantya semoto ukuya kweyona nto ilungileyo, kunye nokuphucula ubungakanani bobunzima bobunzima. Indawo yesicelo ibanzi. Ukuphela kokungalunganga kweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziindleko zazo eziphezulu. Ukuthatha ixabiso leenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zomhlaba ezinqabileyo njengomzekelo, zihlala zingaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-2.5 aphezulu kuneenjini zemveli.

1.1.2 Icala lomgaqo-nkqubo

Imigaqo-nkqubo ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina.

I-1) Ishishini lemagnethi esisigxina lifumana uphuhliso olukhawulezayo oluqhutywa yimigaqo-nkqubo.

Njengomathiriyeli osisiseko weenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina, ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji kunye nokuthandwa kweemagnethi ezisisigxina kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lweemotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwinkxaso yoshishino, ukuvuselela umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuqulunqwa okusemgangathweni ukukhuthaza ngokusebenzayo ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwezinto ezisisigxina zemagnethi kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nokwandiswa kweenjini ezisisigxina zemagnethi.

I-2)Vuselela ukukhula okunokwenzeka phantsi kwemfuno yogcino lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa.

Ngogxininiso olwandayo lwaseTshayina kugcino lwamandla kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, uphuhliso olusempilweni lweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina lungenise amathuba okukhula. Ukusukela ekusekweni komgangatho omtsha wesizwe ngo-2020, iChina ayisavelisi iinjini ezingaphantsi komgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe we-IE3, kwaye kunyanzeleke ukuba kusetyenziswe iimveliso ezisebenza kakuhle. Ukongeza, "iSicwangciso soPhuculo lokuSebenza ngokuSebenzisa amandla" esikhutshwe ngo-2021 nango-2022 sicebise ukuba ngo-2023, imveliso yonyaka yeemotor zokonga amandla aphezulu iya kuba yi-170 yezigidi zeekilowatts, kunye nomyinge weenjini zokonga umbane eziphezulu kwinkonzo. iya kudlula i-20%; ngo-2025, umlinganiselo weenjini ezintsha zokonga umbane ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziya kudlula i-70%. Ukubalwa kumlinganiselo we-1 kilowatt-yure: 0.33 kilograms, ilingana nokugcina i-15 yezigidi zeetoni zamalahle asemgangathweni kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide nge-28 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka, ekulindeleke ukuba iqhube iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina kwixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza. .

2.Uhlalutyo lweSixokelelwano soShishino lweMagnet Motor

Xa sijonga phezulu kulo lonke ikhonkco loshishino, siya kufumanisa ukuba ezona zinto ziphambili ziyimfuneko ekuvelisweni kweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziquka izinto ezahlukeneyo zemagnethi (ezifana neodymium iron boron magnets, ferrites magnetic esisigxina, icobalt yesamarium, i-aluminium nickel cobalt, njl. .), ubhedu, intsimbi, izinto zokugquma kunye ne-aluminium, phakathi kwazo izinto ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu zemagnethi zingundoqo wokuvelisa iimotor ezisebenza ngokusisigxina zemagnethi. Kumzantsi woshishino lwemagnethi esisigxina, ubukhulu becala ngamasimi ahlukeneyo osetyenziso lwesiphelo, kubandakanya amandla omoya, izithuthi zamandla amatsha, i-aerospace, ishishini lamalaphu, ukucocwa kwamanzi, njalo njalo. kwimakethi yesicelo sesiphelo kulindeleke ukuba ikhuthaze ngakumbi ukuveliswa kweenjini ezisisigxina zemagnethi.

2.1 Umlambo oPhezulu: Izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu wemagnethi zinegalelo kwiindleko, zibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-25%

I-akhawunti yezixhobo ezingaphezulu kwesiqingatha seendleko zizonke, phakathi kwazo izixhobo zemagneti zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweemoto. Iimathiriyeli ekrwada ezinyukayo zeenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziquka izixhobo zemagnethi (ezifana nemagnethi yentsimbi ye-neodymium, iiferrite zemagnethi ezisisigxina, i-samarium cobalt, i-aluminium nickel cobalt, njl. i-silicon sheet sheets kunye nobhedu yiyona nxalenye iphambili yeendleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada, ebalwa ngaphezu kwe-50% yeendleko. Nangona ngokwexabiso lexabiso leenjini zemveli, ukuthengwa kokuqala, ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko zemoto kuphela kwi-2.70% yomjikelo wobomi bemoto, ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngexabiso lemveliso, ukhuphiswano kunye nokuthandwa kwentengiso, abavelisi beemoto. nikela ingqalelo enkulu kwizinto ezingasetyenziswanga.

1) Imathiriyeli yemagneti:Iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zineempawu ezibalaseleyo zemagnethi kwaye zilungele ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. I-NdFeB kunye neemagnethi ze-cobalt zibalulekile kwizicelo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwizinto ezisisigxina zemagnethi. Ngenxa yobutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo baseTshayina, imveliso ye-NdFeB ibalelwa malunga ne-90% yetotali yehlabathi. Ukusukela ngo-2008, imveliso yemagnethi esisigxina yaseTshayina inyuke ngokukhawuleza, ngokuthe ngcembe yaba ngumvelisi omkhulu wehlabathi, kwaye imfuno yemathiriyeli ekrwada ye-NdFeB iphindeke kabini phakathi kuka-2008 no-2020. inzima, ngoko ke ixabiso leenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina liphezulu kunelo leemoto zemveli. Imathiriyeli yemagnethi idla ngokuba malunga ne-30% yeendleko zizonke.

2) Iphepha lentsimbi yesilicon:Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza inxalenye engundoqo yemagnethi esisigxina. Ngenxa yenkqubo enzima yokulungiselela, ixabiso layo liphezulu. I-Silicon steel sheet ibhala malunga ne-20% yeendleko ezipheleleyo.

3) Ubhedu:Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo somqhubi weenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina, ezibalelwa malunga ne-15% yeendleko zizonke.

4) Intsimbi:Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza ulwakhiwo kunye nemathiriyeli yeqokobhe leenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina, zibalelwa malunga ne-10% yeendleko zizonke.

5) iAluminiyam:Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza iisinki zobushushu, izigqubuthelo zokuphela kunye namanye amacandelo okuphelisa ubushushu.

6) Izixhobo zokuvelisa kunye neendleko zesixhobo:Ibalelwa malunga ne-15% yeendleko zizonke.

2.2 Ezantsi: Iinkalo ezininzi zilungiselela ukwenza imizamo, kwaye amandla amakhulu kwishishini alindele ukucofa.

Iinjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina ngoku zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nakumashishini amaninzi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zingene ngempumelelo kwiimoto, izixhobo zasekhaya, i-automation yemizi-mveliso kunye namanye amashishini, zenza igalelo elinamandla kubuchule obutsha betekhnoloji kunye nokwandiswa kweemarike. Ukongeza, xa kujongwa ukubaluleka kwayo kuphuhliso loqoqosho, amashishini anje ngepetrochemicals, i-oyile negesi, i-metallurgy, kunye nombane nawo sele eqalisile ukusebenzisa ngokuthe ngcembe iinjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina. Kwixesha elizayo, njengoko iindlela zoshishino zijolise ngakumbi kubukrelekrele, i-automation, kunye nogcino lwamandla, ukusetyenziswa kweemotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezisezantsi kuya kuba namandla amakhulu kwaye ziqhubeke nokugcina isantya sophuhliso olukhawulezayo.

3.Uhlalutyo lweMarike yeMagnet esisigxina

3.1 Malunga nonikezelo kunye nemfuno

Ukuqhutywa kuphuhliso lwamandla amatsha, imfuno ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Abavelisi beemoto ezizibuthe zaseTshayina ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zisasazwa ikakhulu eMpuma China naseMzantsi China, ezityebileyo kubutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo kwaye zinesiseko esomeleleyo semizi-mveliso. Kukho imfuno eyomeleleyo yeenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina, ezinceda ekuyilweni kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso elipheleleyo. Ukusukela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2021, imveliso yemagnethi yomhlaba enqabileyo ye-China inyuke ukusuka kwi-768 yezigidi zeeyunithi ukuya kwi-1.525 yeebhiliyoni zeeyunithi, kunye nenqanaba lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo lonyaka le-12.11%, ligqithise kakhulu umndilili wokukhula kwee-micromotors (iinjini ezinobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-160mm okanye amandla alinganisiweyo angaphantsi kwama-750mW) we-3.94%.

Ngombulelo kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwendawo entsha yamandla, imfuno yeenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina kwiindawo ezisezantsi ezifana namandla omoya kunye nezithuthi zombane ziye zanda ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngo-2021 kunye no-2022, imfuno yase-China yeenjini ezinqabileyo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziya kuba yi-1.193 yeebhiliyoni zeeyunithi kunye ne-1.283 yeebhiliyoni zeeyunithi, ngokulandelelana, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-7.54%.

3.2 Malunga nobungakanani beMarike

Imakethi yemagnethi esisigxina yaseTshayina ibonisa ukukhula okuqinileyo, kwaye ukukhuthazwa kwamasimi asezantsi kuvuselele amandla emarike. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, imakethi yemagnethi esisigxina yehlabathi igcine ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwaye yabonisa indlela yophuhliso enethemba. Ngo-2022, ubungakanani bemarike bufikelele kwi-US $ 48.58 yezigidigidi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-7.96%. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2027, imakethi yemagnethi esisigxina yehlabathi iya kufikelela kwi-71.22 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esisi-7.95%. Iqhutywa ziindawo ezisezantsi ezinje ngezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ii-air conditioners eziguquguqukayo, kunye namandla omoya, imakethi yemagnethi esisigxina yaseTshayina ibonisa ukukhula okukhawulezayo. Okwangoku, iimveliso ezinoluhlu lwamandla angama-25-100KW zilawula imarike.

Imarike iyaqhubeka ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye iChina ikhokela uphuhliso lwalo shishino. Ngokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwemagnethi esisigxina kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yemoto, imakethi yemagnethi esisigxina yehlabathi iya kugcina ukukhula okuzinzileyo. I-China iya kuqhubeka nokugcina ubunkokeli bayo bemarike. Kwixesha elizayo, ukudityaniswa kweDelta yoMlambo waseYangtze, uphuhliso lommandla osentshona, ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa, kunye nokukhuthazwa komgaqo-nkqubo kuya kubonelela ngefuthe elinamandla lokusetyenziswa komthamo omkhulu weenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina kwimarike yaseTshayina.

4.Global Competition Landscape of Permanent Magnet Motors

Kuphuhliso lweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina kwihlabathi liphela, iChina, iJamani kunye neJapan ziye zaba ziinkokeli kwisiphelo esiphezulu, esichanekileyo kunye nentshayelelo yeenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina kunye neminyaka yazo yamava okuvelisa kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili.

I-China iye yaba sisiseko esibalulekileyo kushishino lweemoto zemagnethi esisigxina, kwaye ukukhuphisana kwayo kuyanda.

Ngokumalunga noyilo lwengingqi, iJiangsu, iZhejiang, iFujian, iHunan kunye ne-Anhui ziye zaba ziziseko ezibalulekileyo kushishino lweemoto ezizibuthe zaseTshayina, ezithatha isabelo esikhulu semarike.

Kwixesha elizayo, ishishini leemoto ezizibuthe ezisisigxina kwihlabathi liya kuzisa ukhuphiswano olumandla ngakumbi, kwaye i-China, njengeyona ndawo inamandla yentengiso yehlabathi, iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo.

5.Intshayelelo kwi Anhui Mingteng Permanent Magnet Motor

I-Anhui Mingteng eSisigxina-oomatshini bakaMagnetic & neZixhobo zoMbane Co., Ltd.https://www.mingtengmotor.com/) yasekwa ngo-Oktobha 18, 2007 kunye nenkunzi ebhalisiweyo ye-RMB 144 yezigidi. Itholakala kwindawo yoPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho lwaseShuangfeng, kwisixeko saseHefei, kwiPhondo lase-Anhui. Lishishini langoku lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obudibanisa uphando lwezibuthe ezisisigxina kunye nophuhliso, ukuvelisa, ukuthengisa kunye neenkonzo.

Inkampani ibisoloko igxile kuphando lwemveliso kunye nophuhliso. Inemagnethi esisigxina yophando kunye neqela lophuhliso labantu abangaphezu kwama-40 kwaye iseke ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano bexesha elide kunye neeyunivesithi, amaziko ophando kunye namashishini amakhulu karhulumente. Iqela le-R&D lamkela ithiyori yoyilo lweemoto yanamhlanje kunye noyilo lwetekhnoloji yoyilo lweemoto. Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yokuqokelelwa kobugcisa, iye yaphuhlisa phantse ama-2,000 eenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina ezifana nesiqhelo, ukuguquguquka kwamaza, ubungqina bokudubula, ubungqina bokudubula okuguquguqukayo, ukuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo, kunye nochungechunge olunobungqina bokudubula ngokuthe ngqo. Iyaziqonda ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zobugcisa zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwaye ikwazile ubungakanani obukhulu boyilo lokuqala, ukuvelisa, ukuvavanya, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedatha.

Iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zaseMingteng eziphezulu nezisezantsi zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwimithwalo emininzi enje ngeefeni, iimpompo zamanzi, izithuthi zebhanti, iibhola zokusila, izixube, izityuli, izikrweqe, iimpompo zeoyile, oomatshini bokusonta, njl.njl. kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nemigodi, intsimbi. , kunye nombane, ukufezekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo zokulondoloza amandla kunye nokufumana udumo olubanzi.

I-Mingteng isoloko igxininisa kwi-innovation ezimeleyo, ibambelela kumgaqo-nkqubo wenkampani "yemveliso yodidi lokuqala, ulawulo lodidi lokuqala, iinkonzo zodidi lokuqala, kunye neempawu zodidi lokuqala", ukuthunga izisombululo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ezihlakaniphile zokonga umbane jikelele kubasebenzisi. , ukwakha imagnethi esisigxina yemoto yeR&D kunye neqela lokwenziwa kwesicelo esinempembelelo yaseTshayina, kwaye sizame ukuba yinkokeli kunye nomseki osemgangathweni kushishino lweemoto ezizibuthe ezinqabileyo zaseChina.

Ilungelo lokushicilela: Eli nqaku lishicilelwe kwakhona kwikhonkco lokuqala:

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/PF9VseLCkGkGywbmr2Jfkw

Eli nqaku alibonisi iimbono zenkampani yethu. Ukuba unezimvo ezahlukeneyo okanye iimbono, nceda usilungise!